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The collection consists of the editorial and production archives of Vanguard Press: correspondence, manuscripts, contracts, memoranda, galley proofs, photographs, clippings, and printed materials. The correspondence and editorial files contain a wealth of detailed information about individual authors and the growth and development of the Press. Among the cataloged correspondents are: Nelson Algren, Saul Bellow, Stephen Vincent Benét, William Rose Benét; Phyllis Bottome; Pierre Boulle; Jocelyn Brooke; Cyril Connolly; A.J. Cronin; Nigel Dennis; John Dewey; Max Eastman; James T. Farrell; Vardis Fisher; Richard Garnett; Theodor Seuss Geisel; Louis Golding; Paul Goodman; Horace Gregory; Geoffrey Grigson; Lillian Hellman; William Heyen; Harold L. Ickes; Christopher Isherwood; Alfred Kazin; Philip Lamantia; Sinclair Lewis; Emanuel Litvinoff; Dwight Macdonald; Archibald MacLeish; Marshall McLuhan; Thomas Mann; Edgar Lee Masters; H. L. Mencken; William Meredith; Joyce Carol Oates; Katherine Anne Porter; Barbara Pym; William Sansom; William Saroyan; Ramon J. Sender; Upton Sinclair; Rex Stout; Edith Sitwell; Paul Theroux; Lionel Trilling; Harry S. Trumam; Louis Untermeyer; Eudora Welty; Richard Wilbur; and Thornton Wilder. There are some manuscripts by Bellow; Bottome; Boulle; Farrell; Grigson; Litvinoff; MacDonald; Oates; John Cowper Powys; Arthur Schlesinger, Jr.; Patrick Tanner; William Targ; Theroux; and Sitwell.

Letters to and from Nicolai Berezowsky documenting his career and covering his development as violinist, conductor, and composer. The profession is well represented in the correspondence, with 63 letters from David Diamond, 22 from Serge Koussevitsky, 72 from Nicolai Lopatnikoff, and 31 from Eugene Ormandy; others in the collection are Leon Barzin, Aaron Copland, Henry Cowell, Vladimir Golschmann, Eugene Goosens, Alex Grechaninov, Ernest Hutcheson, Douglas Moore, Paul Nordoff, Wallingford Riegger, Artur Rodzinski, Roger Sessions, Harold Spivacke, Leopold Stokowski, and Olga Samaroff Stokowski. Organizations, such as the WPA music program, League of Composers, Juilliard School of Music, and the American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers, are represented. There are also 15 volumes of music scores.